The National Theatre D. Maria II (in Portuguese, Teatro Nacional D. Maria II), a member of the European Theatre network, is a historical landmark and cultural gem located in the heart of Lisbon, Portugal. Situated in the bustling Rossio Square, this neoclassical theatre has been a cornerstone of Portuguese drama and literature since its inauguration in 1846. Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast, a theatre aficionado, or simply seeking to immerse yourself in Lisbon’s vibrant culture, a visit to the National Theatre D. Maria II is a must.
A Rich History of the National Theatre D. Maria II
The theatre stands on the grounds of the former Estaus Palace, which had a long and fascinating, albeit sometimes dark, history. Initially built in 1450 to accommodate visiting dignitaries and noblemen, the palace later became the seat of the Portuguese Inquisition in the 16th century. During this period, the palace became a symbol of dread and fear, as it was used as the base for the Portuguese Inquisition. The palace withstood the devastating 1755 Lisbon earthquake but tragically succumbed to a fire in 1836. From the ashes of the Estaus Palace arose the National Theatre D. Maria II, thanks to the efforts of Almeida Garrett, a prominent Romantic poet and playwright. The theatre is dedicated to Queen Maria II, a fervent supporter of the arts who greatly contributed to the development of theatre companies in Portugal.
This juxtaposition of the theatre’s neoclassical grandeur and the site’s dark history as the former seat of the Inquisition creates a compelling narrative. It speaks to the complex layers of Lisbon’s past and the enduring power of art and culture to transform spaces and inspire hope.
Architectural Splendour
Designed by Italian architect Fortunato Lodi, the National Theatre D. Maria II is a prime example of neoclassical architecture with Palladian influences. The façade is dominated by a majestic portico featuring six Ionic columns salvaged from the ruins of the Convent of St. Francis, another victim of the 1755 earthquake. Atop the portico, a triangular pediment depicts Apollo and the Muses, symbolizing the theatre’s dedication to the arts. Crowning the pediment is a statue of Gil Vicente, considered the father of Portuguese theatre.
The theatre’s interior, once adorned with works by renowned 19th-century Portuguese artists, suffered significant damage in a fire in 1964. Following extensive renovations, the theatre reopened in 1978, retaining its neoclassical grandeur. In 2012, the theatre was classified as a national monument, solidifying its status as an important cultural and historical landmark. The theatre’s resilience, having survived a major fire and undergone extensive renovations, is a testament to the enduring spirit of Lisbon and its dedication to preserving its artistic heritage.
Requalification Project
The National Theatre D. Maria II is currently undergoing a major requalification project to restore, renovate, and modernize various areas of the building. This project aims to enhance the theatre’s efficiency in providing cultural services while preserving its architectural and historical significance. With the closure of its building in Rossio Square, the National Theatre D. Maria II has extended its programming to all regions of the country, assuming a role as an agent of territorial cohesion through culture. This initiative underscores the theatre’s commitment to accessibility and cultural outreach beyond Lisbon.
Planning Your Visit
Location: The National Theatre D. Maria II is prominently located in Rossio Square (Praça Dom Pedro IV) in Lisbon’s city centre. Rossio Square is a vibrant hub with shops, restaurants, and historical buildings, making it a central point for exploring the city.
Getting There: The theatre is easily accessible by public transportation. The square is well-connected by various modes of transport, including the metro and bus services.
Best Time to Visit: While the research material doesn’t explicitly state the best time to visit, generally, the best time to visit Lisbon is during the shoulder seasons (spring and fall) when the weather is pleasant and the crowds are smaller. If you plan to attend a performance, be sure to check the theatre’s schedule in advance and book your tickets early.
Exploring the Surroundings
Rossio Square, where the theatre is located, is a lively and historic area with plenty to see and do. Some notable attractions within walking distance include:
- Praça do Comércio: This grand square, also known as Terreiro do Paço, is one of the largest squares in Europe and a symbol of Lisbon’s maritime history. It’s a great place to soak in the city’s atmosphere and enjoy views of the Tagus River.
- Santa Justa Lift: This ornate iron lift, designed by Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard, a student of Gustave Eiffel, offers panoramic views of the city. Take a ride to the top for a unique perspective of Lisbon’s rooftops and hills.
- Carmo Convent: The ruins of this Gothic church, destroyed in the 1755 earthquake, are a poignant reminder of the city’s past. Explore the skeletal remains of the nave and the archaeological museum housed within the former convent.
Dining Options
After your theatre experience, enjoy a meal at one of the many restaurants near Rossio Square. Some popular options include:
- Hard Rock Cafe Lisboa: Offers classic American cuisine and a lively atmosphere.
- Mensagem: Serves European dishes with stunning city views.
- Sea Me Peixaria Moderna: Specializes in fresh seafood and traditional Portuguese cuisine.
Conclusion
The National Theatre D. Maria II is more than just a theatre; it’s a symbol of Lisbon’s resilience, artistic spirit, and cultural heritage. From its origins on the grounds of a former palace with a complex past to its survival of a devastating fire, the theatre stands as a testament to the enduring power of art and culture. By exploring its history, admiring its architecture, and experiencing a performance, you’ll gain a deeper appreciation for this captivating city and its vibrant artistic scene.
For American tourists and expats seeking an authentic cultural experience in Lisbon, the National Theatre D. Maria II is must-see. Immerse yourself in the theatre’s history, admire its architectural splendour, and enjoy a captivating performance. Don’t miss the opportunity to explore the surrounding area, including Rossio Square and other nearby attractions, and savour the flavours of Lisbon at one of the many excellent dining options.
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